Titre du document / Document title

Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self : Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan

Auteur(s) / Author(s)

KITAYAMA S. ⁽¹⁾ ; MARKUS H. R. ⁽²⁾ ; MATSUMOTO H. ⁽¹⁾ ; NORASAKKUNKIT V. ⁽³⁾ ;

Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)

⁽¹⁾ Kyoto University, JAPON
⁽²⁾ Stanford University, ETATS-UNIS
⁽³⁾ University of Oregon, ETATS-UNIS

Résumé / Abstract

A collective constructionist theory of the self proposes that many psychological processes, including enhancement of the self (pervasive in the United States) and criticism and subsequent improvement of the self (widespread in Japan), result from and support the very ways in which social acts and situations are collectively defined and subjectively experienced in the respective cultural contexts. In support of the theory, 2 studies showed, first, that American situations are relatively conducive to self-enhancement and American people are relatively likely to engage in self-enhancement and, second, that Japanese situations are relatively conducive to self-criticism and Japanese people are relatively likely to engage in self-criticism. Implications are discussed for the collective construction of psychological processes implicated in the self and, more generally, for the mutual constitution of culture and the self.

Revue / Journal Title

Journal of personality and social psychology   ISSN 0022-3514   CODEN JPSPB2 

Source / Source

1997, vol. 72, n^o6, pp. 1245-1267 (2 p.3/4)

Langue / Language

Anglais

Editeur / Publisher

American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, ETATS-UNIS  (1965) (Revue)

Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords

Attitude ; Social cognition ; Self perception ; Social perception ; Self esteem ; Personality ; Sex ; Crosscultural study ; Social environment ; United States ; Japan ; Human ; North America ; America ; Asia ;

Mots-clés français / French Keywords

Attitude ; Cognition sociale ; Autoperception ; Perception sociale ; Estime soi ; Personnalité ; Sexe ; Etude transculturelle ; Environnement social ; Etats Unis ; Japon ; Homme ; Amérique du Nord ; Amérique ; Asie ;

Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords

Actitud ; Cognición social ; Autopercepción ; Percepción social ; Estima consigo ; Personalidad ; Sexo ; Estudio transcultural ; Medio ambiente social ; Estados Unidos ; Japón ; Hombre ; America del norte ; America ; Asia ;

Localisation / Location

INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 13817, 35400006173141.0010