Titre du document / Document title

Impact of leaf mining on the growth of Portulaca oleracea (common purslane) and its competitive interaction with Beta vulgaris (sugarbeet)

Auteur(s) / Author(s)

NORRIS R. F. ⁽¹⁾ ;

Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)

⁽¹⁾ Weed Science Program, Vegetable Crops Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, ETATS-UNIS

Résumé / Abstract

1. The combined attack by leaf mining larvae of the sawfly, Schizocerella pilicornis, and the weevil, Hypurus bertrandi, typically resulted in over 80% defoliation of fieldgrown Portulaca oleracea plants in the Central Valley of California. Incorporation of the insecticide aldicarb into the soil prior to planting protected the weed from attack by the insects. Comparison ofinsecticide-treated and non-treated plants demonstrated that the leaf mining reduced weed growth by 60-70%. 2. Under replacement series pot experiment conditions, leaf mining reversed the competitive interaction between sugarbeet and P. oleracea. Sugarbeet grew best in the presence of P. oleracea plants that were attacked by leaf miners; relative crowding coefficients for sugar beet exceeded 1.0. When P. oleracea was protected from leaf-miner attack, relative crowding coefficients for sugarbeet were all below 1.0. 3. Portulaca oleracea caused up to 80% yield loss in sugarbeet in additive field competition experiments. The magnitude of the sugarbeet yield loss increased with increasing density of P. oleracea; between 0.5 and 3.0 P. oleracea plants per m of crop row caused an economic loss depending on year. Soil-applied aldicarb insecticide did not alter the competitive interaction in 3 years out of 4, although the insecticide substantially protected P. oleracea from leaf mining. 4. Although P. oleracea was severely damaged by leaf miner feeding, this injury did not result in sufficient biological weed control to reduce the need for use of other weed management techniques.

Revue / Journal Title

Journal of applied ecology   ISSN 0021-8901   CODEN JAPEAI 

Source / Source

1997, vol. 34, n^o2, pp. 349-362 (41 ref.)

Langue / Language

Anglais

Editeur / Publisher

Blackwell Science, Oxford, ROYAUME-UNI  (1964) (Revue)

Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords

Defoliation ; Phytophagous ; Biological control ; Growth ; Interspecific competition ; Developmental stage ; Weed control ; Beta vulgaris var. saccharata ; Portulaca oleracea ; Insecta ; Aldicarb ; Systemic ; Chenopodiaceae ; Dicotyledones ; Angiospermae ; Spermatophyta ; Portulacaceae ; Arthropoda ; Invertebrata ; Sugar plant ; Weed ; Carbamate ; Insecticide ;

Mots-clés français / French Keywords

Défoliation ; Phytophage ; Lutte biologique ; Croissance ; Compétition interspécifique ; Stade développement ; Désherbage ; Beta vulgaris var. saccharata ; Portulaca oleracea ; Insecta ; Aldicarb ; Systémique ; Chenopodiaceae ; Dicotyledones ; Angiospermae ; Spermatophyta ; Portulacaceae ; Arthropoda ; Invertebrata ; Plante sucrière ; Mauvaise herbe ; Carbamate ; Insecticide ;

Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords

Defoliación ; Fitófago ; Lucha biológica ; Crecimiento ; Competencia interespecífica ; Grado desarrollo ; Deshierba ; Beta vulgaris var. saccharata ; Portulaca oleracea ; Insecta ; Aldicarb ; Sistémico ; Chenopodiaceae ; Dicotyledones ; Angiospermae ; Spermatophyta ; Portulacaceae ; Arthropoda ; Invertebrata ; Planta azucarera ; Malezas ; Carbamato ; Insecticida ;

Localisation / Location

INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 11538, 35400006573746.0060