Titre du document / Document title

Herbicides, glyphosate resistance and acute mammalian toxicity : simulating an environmental effect of glyphosate-resistant weeds in the USA

Auteur(s) / Author(s)

GARDNER Justin G. ⁽¹⁾ ; NELSON Gerald C. ⁽²⁾ ;

Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)

⁽¹⁾ School of Agribusiness and Agriscience, Middle Tennessee State University, 207 Stark Agribusiness and Agriscience Center, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, ETATS-UNIS
⁽²⁾ Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 305 Mumford Hall, 1301 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, ETATS-UNIS

Résumé / Abstract

BACKGROUND: With the emergence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, the environmental consequences of alternatives to GR technology are of increasing importance. A well-known acute mammalian toxicity measure, the LD₅₀ dose for rats, is used to assess one potential environmental impact of the loss of GR technology. A new dataset with this index is used to estimate and simulate the effects for corn, soybeans and cotton. RESULTS: With conventional tillage it is found that the use of GR seeds reduces the number of LD₅₀ doses applied per hectare by 17-98% depending on crop. With no-till, the use of GR seeds reduces LD₅₀ doses only in corn. If farmers switch to conventional seeds because of GR weeds but maintain the same tillage practice, the present simulations suggest that LD₅₀ doses could increase by as much as 100 LD₅₀ doses per hectare in soybeans, and 500 LD₅₀ doses per hectare in cotton, or 11.4 and 19.8% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to use field-level data to assess GR technology with a mammalian toxicity environmental indicator. It has been found that GR crops have a positive environmental effect, and that alternatives to GR technology increase toxicity.

Revue / Journal Title

Pest management science   ISSN 1526-498X   CODEN PMSCFC 

Source / Source

2008, vol. 64, n^o 4 (183 p.)  [Document : 9 p.] (12 ref.), pp. 470-478 [9 page(s) (article)]

Langue / Language

Anglais

Editeur / Publisher

Wiley, Chichester, ROYAUME-UNI  (2000) (Revue)

Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords

Organic phosphonate ; Systemic ; Genetically modified organism ; America ; North America ; Pesticides ; Vertebrata ; United States ; Glyphosate ; Herbicide ; Transgenic plant ; Weed ; Mammalia ; Lethal dose 50 ; Environment quality ; Modeling ; Environment impact ; Simulation ; Toxicity ; Pesticide resistance ;

Mots-clés français / French Keywords

Phosphonate organique ; Systémique ; Organisme génétiquement modifié ; Amérique ; Amérique du Nord ; Pesticide ; Vertebrata ; Etats-Unis ; Glyphosate ; Herbicide ; Plante transgénique ; Mauvaise herbe ; Mammalia ; Dose létale 50 ; Qualité environnement ; Modélisation ; Impact environnement ; Simulation ; Toxicité ; Résistance pesticide ;

Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords

Fosfonato orgánico ; Sistémico ; Organismo modificado genéticamente ; America ; America del norte ; Plaguicida ; Vertebrata ; Estados Unidos ; Glyphosate ; Herbicida ; Planta transgénica ; Malezas ; Mammalia ; Dosis letal 50 ; Calidad medio ambiente ; Modelización ; Impacto medio ambiente ; Simulación ; Toxicidad ; Resistencia plaguicida ;

Mots-clés d'auteur / Author Keywords

genetically modified organisms ; herbicide toxicity ; treatment effect model ; glyphosate resistance ; environmental index ;

Localisation / Location

INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 5562, 35400018325408.0200