Titre du document / Document title

An expert-performance perspective of research on medical expertise : the study of clinical performance

Auteur(s) / Author(s)

ERICSSON K. Anders ⁽¹⁾ ;

Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)

⁽¹⁾ Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, ETATS-UNIS

Résumé / Abstract

CONTEXT Three decades ago Elstein et al. published their classic book on medical expertise, in which they described their failure to identify superior performance by peer-nominated diagnosticians using high- and low-fidelity simulations of the everyday practice of doctors. OBJECTIVE This paper reviews the results of subsequent research, with a particular emphasis on the progress toward Elstein et al.'s goal of capturing the essence of superior clinical performance in standardised settings in order to improve clinical practice. RESULTS Research following publication of Elstein et al.'s book was influenced by laboratory research in cognitive psychology, which resulted in a redirection of its original focus on capturing clinical performance in practice to studies of changes in cognitive processes as functions of extended clinical experience. There is currently renewed interest in linking laboratory research with studies of the acquisition of superior (expert) performance in the clinic. CONCLUSIONS Research on medical expertise and simulation training in technical procedures and diagnosis provide exciting opportunities for establishing translational research on the acquisition of superior (expert) performance in the clinic by capturing it with representative tasks in the laboratory, reproducing it for experimental analysis, and developing training activities, such as deliberate practice, that can induce measurable improvements in performance in the clinic.

Revue / Journal Title

Medical education   ISSN 0308-0110 

Source / Source

2007, vol. 41, n^o12, pp. 1124-1130 [7 page(s) (article)] (37 ref.)

Langue / Language

Anglais

Editeur / Publisher

Blackwell, Oxford, ROYAUME-UNI  (1976) (Revue)

Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords

Clinical performance ; Public health ; Medicine ; Decision making ; Health staff ; Physician ; Standards ; Symptomatology ; Medical expertise ; Scientific research ; Perspective ; Performance evaluation ; Expert ;

Mots-clés français / French Keywords

Performance clinique ; Santé publique ; Médecine ; Prise de décision ; Personnel sanitaire ; Médecin ; Norme ; Symptomatologie ; Expertise médicale ; Recherche scientifique ; Perspective ; Evaluation performance ; Expert ;

Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords

Salud pública ; Medicina ; Toma decision ; Personal sanitario ; Médico ; Norma ; Sintomatología ; Peritaje medical ; Investigación científica ; Perspectiva ; Evaluación prestación ; Experto ;

Mots-clés d'auteur / Author Keywords

clinical competence/*standards ; physicians/*standards ; decision making ; clinical medicine/*standards ;

Localisation / Location

INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 15778, 35400017432411.0040