Titre du document / Document title

Acute behavioral effects and abuse potential of trazodone, zolpidem and triazolam in humans

Auteur(s) / Author(s)

RUSH C. R. ^{(1 2)} ; BAKER R. W. ^{(1 2)} ; WRIGHT K. ⁽¹⁾ ;

Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)

⁽¹⁾ Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, ETATS-UNIS
⁽²⁾ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, ETATS-UNIS

Résumé / Abstract

The present study examined the acute behavioral effects and abuse potential of three drugs commonly used to treat sleep disorders, trazodone, zolpidem and triazolam, and placebo in ten male volunteers with histories of alcohol and drug abuse. Trazodone (100, 200 and 300 mg), a triazolopyridine antidepressant, was included because antidepressants are being used more frequently to treat sleep disorders, but it is unclear whether they have a distinct behavioral pharmacologic profile relative to benzodiazepine hypnotics. Zolpidem (15, 30 and 45 mg), an imidazopyridine hypnotic, was tested because it is the most commonly prescribed hypnotic and purportedly has a unique benzodiazepine-receptor binding profile. Triazolam (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg), a triazolobenzodiazepine hypnotic, was included as the standard component because previous laboratory studies have demonstrated that it has at least some abuse potential. Trazodone, zolpidem and triazolam generally produced comparable dose-related increases in scores on the PCAG scale of the ARCI, which suggests the doses tested were equivalent on some behavioral dimension. The effects of trazodone on subject-rated items thought to measure abuse potential (e.g., subject ratings of Willing to Take Again) were less than those observed with triazolam. Zolpidem and triazolam produced comparable effects on these measures. The highest dose of zolpidem, but not triazolam, increased ratings of Like Drug, Happy, Good Effects, Friendly, Elated, Carefree and Bad Effects. Triazolam and zolpidem produced dose-dependent impairment on all of the performance tasks. Trazodone impaired performance on some, but not all, of these tasks. Consistent with the pharmacokinetics of these compounds, the time-action functions of trazodone, zolpidem and triazolam were similar on these measures. These data suggest that trazodone has less abuse potential than triazolam, and may be a viable alternative to benzodiazepine hypnotics in individuals with histories of alcohol or drug abuse. By contrast, despite its unique neuropharmacological profile, the acute behavioral effects and abuse potential of zolpidem are comparable to those of triazolam.

Revue / Journal Title

Psychopharmacologia   ISSN 0033-3158   CODEN PSYPAG 

Source / Source

1999, vol. 144, n^o3, pp. 220-233 (1 p.1/4)

Langue / Language

Anglais

Editeur / Publisher

Springer, Berlin, ALLEMAGNE  (1959) (Revue)

Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords

Trazodone ; Zolpidem ; Triazolam ; Comparative study ; Toxicity ; Psychomotor disorder ; Subjective evaluation ; Human ; Hypnotic ; Sedative ; Healthy subject ; Oral administration ; Double blind study ; Benzodiazepine derivatives ; Addictive potential ;

Mots-clés français / French Keywords

Trazodone ; Zolpidem ; Triazolam ; Etude comparative ; Toxicité ; Trouble psychomotricité ; Evaluation subjective ; Homme ; Hypnotique ; Sédatif ; Individu sain ; Voie orale ; Etude double insu ; Benzodiazépine dérivé ; Imidazo pyridine dérivé ; Potentiel addictif ;

Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords

Trazodona ; Zolpidem ; Triazolam ; Estudio comparativo ; Toxicidad ; Trastorno psicomotriz ; Evaluación subjetiva ; Hombre ; Hipnótico ; Sedante ; Individuo sano ; Vía oral ; Estudio doble ciego ; Benzodiazepina derivado ;

Localisation / Location

INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 1761, 35400008469430.0050