Titre du document / Document title

Smoking is associated with schizophrenia, but not with mood disorders, within a population with low smoking rates : A matched case-control study in Bucaramanga, Colombia

Auteur(s) / Author(s)

CAMPO-ARIAS Adalberto ⁽¹⁾ ; DIAZ-MARTINEZ Luis A. ⁽¹⁾ ; RUEDA-JAIMES German E. ⁽¹⁾ ; RUEDA-SANCHEZ Mauricio ⁽¹⁾ ; FARELO-PALACIN Daniel ⁽¹⁾ ; DIAZ Francisco J. ⁽²⁾ ; DE LEON Jose ⁽³⁾ ;

Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)

⁽¹⁾ Neuropsychiatry Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), COLOMBIE
⁽²⁾ Department of Statistics, Universidad Nacional, Medellin, COLOMBIE
⁽³⁾ Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, 627 West Fourth St, Lexington, KY 40508, ETATS-UNIS

Résumé / Abstract

When comparing current smoking in schizophrenia patients versus the general population, the average odds ratio (OR) was 5.3 in a meta-analysis of 42 studies from 20 nations. Limited tobacco access can eliminate this strong association in some nations. Out of the 42 ORs, 37 were significantly higher than 1. Of the 5 non-significant ORs, three came from Colombian studies comparing current smoking prevalences in schizophrenia versus those in the general population (18%). However, the 3 ORs were not adjusted for confounders. We hypothesized that the association between schizophrenia and smoking is so strong that it can be detected in populations with limited access to smoking after carefully controlling for confounders. Of the three Colombian studies, one included 73 schizophrenia patients (DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) and 111 patients with mood disorders (DSM-IV bipolar or major depressive disorders). The current study matched each of these patients with 2 controls from the general population and performed more sophisticated statistical analyses. Prevalences of current smoking were 26% for schizophrenia patients and 10% for their matched controls (adjusted Mantel-Haenszel OR=3.1, 95% CI, 1.4-6.8), and 7% for patients with mood disorders and 12% for their matched controls (adjusted Mantel-Haenszel OR=0.62; CI, 0.28-1.4). The previously observed lack of association between schizophrenia and current smoking was due to lack of control of important confounding variables because of the absence of a control group. This re-analysis, which used a careful matching that controlled for confounders, suggests that the association between schizophrenia and smoking behaviors can stand in populations with low monetary income and low smoking rates. This study also suggests that the association between severe mood disorders (bipolar and major depression) and smoking is not as strong as that observed between schizophrenia and smoking, and may not be observable in countries where people have limited economic resources.

Revue / Journal Title

Schizophrenia research   ISSN 0920-9964 

Source / Source

2006, vol. 83, n^o2-3, pp. 269-276 [8 page(s) (article)] (28 ref.)

Langue / Language

Anglais

Editeur / Publisher

Elsevier, Amsterdam, PAYS-BAS  (1988) (Revue)

Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords

Alkaloid ; Psychosis ; America ; South America ; Human ; Bipolar disorder ; Depression ; Mental disorder ; Nicotine ; Colombia ; Case control study ; Mood disorder ; Schizophrenia ; Tobacco smoking ;

Mots-clés français / French Keywords

Alcaloïde ; Psychose ; Amérique ; Amérique du Sud ; Homme ; Trouble bipolaire ; Etat dépressif ; Trouble psychiatrique ; Nicotine ; Colombie ; Etude cas témoin ; Trouble humeur ; Schizophrénie ; Tabagisme ;

Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords

Alcaloide ; Psicosis ; America ; America del sur ; Hombre ; Trastorno bipolar ; Estado depresivo ; Trastorno psiquiátrico ; Nicotina ; Colombia ; Estudio caso control ; Trastorno humor ; Esquizofrenia ; Tabaquismo ;

Mots-clés d'auteur / Author Keywords

Tobacco ; Nicotine ; Schizophrenia ; Severe mental illness ; Mood disorders ; Depression ; Bipolar disorder ;

Localisation / Location

INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 21734, 35400015658017.0170