Titre du document / Document title

Dihydroxyacetone, the active browning ingredient in sunless tanning lotions, induces DNA damage, cell-cycle block and apoptosis in cultured HaCaT keratinocytes

Auteur(s) / Author(s)

PETERSEN Anita B. ⁽¹⁾ ; WULF Hans Christian ⁽¹⁾ ; GNIADECKI Robert ⁽¹⁾ ; GAJKOWSKA Barbara ⁽²⁾ ;

Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)

⁽¹⁾ Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, ETATS-UNIS
⁽²⁾ Laboratory of Cell Ultrastructure, Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, POLOGNE

Résumé / Abstract

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the active substance in sunless tanning lotions reacts with the amino groups of proteins to form a brown-colored complex. This non-enzymatic glycation, known as the Maillard reaction, can also occur with free amino groups in DNA, raising the possibility that DHA may be genotoxic. To address this issue we investigated the effects of DHA on cell survival and proliferation of a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Dose- and time-dependent morphological changes, chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic budding and cell detachment were seen in cells treated with DHA. Several dead cells were observed after long-time (24 h) incubation with 25 mM DHA or more. Furthermore, an extensive decline in proliferation was observed 1 day after DHA exposure for 24 h. When applied in different concentrations (5-50 mM) and for different time periods (1, 3 or 24 h) DHA caused a G₂/M block after the cyclin B₁ restriction point. Exit from this cell-cycle block was associated with massive apoptosis, as revealed by a clonogenic assay, TUNEL staining and electron microscopy. Furthermore, DHA caused DNA damage as revealed by the alkaline comet assay. Preincubation with antioxidants prevented the formation of DNA strand breaks. The DHA toxicity may be caused by direct redox reactions, with formation of ROS as the crucial intermediates. The genotoxic capacity of DHA raises a question about the long-term clinical consequences of treatment of the skin with this commonly used compound.

Revue / Journal Title

Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis    ISSN  1383-5718 

Source / Source

2004, vol. 560, n^o2, pp. 173-186 [14 page(s) (article)] (34 ref.)

Langue / Language

Anglais

Editeur / Publisher

Elsevier, Amsterdam, PAYS-BAS  (1997) (Revue)

Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords

Toxicology

;

Genetics

;

Keratinocyte

;

Apoptosis

;

Cell cycle

;

DNA

;

Tanning

;

Active ingredient

;

Mots-clés français / French Keywords

Toxicologie

;

Génétique

;

Kératinocyte

;

Apoptose

;

Cycle cellulaire

;

DNA

;

Bronzage

;

Principe actif

;

Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords

Toxicología

;

Genética

;

Queratinocito

;

Apoptosis

;

Ciclo celular

;

DNA

;

Bronceado

;

Principio activo

;

Mots-clés d'auteur / Author Keywords

Dihydroxyacetone

;

Non-enzymatic glycation

;

DNA damage

;

Cell cycle block

;

Apoptosis

;

Localisation / Location

INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 12206 H, 35400011037943.0080