Titre du document / Document title
European-contact and Southwestern artifacts in the Lower Walnut focus sites at Arkansas City, Kansas = Artefacts du sud-ouest de contact européen dans les sites du Walnut inférieur à Arkansas City, Kansas
Auteur(s) / Author(s)
HAWLEY Marlin F. (1) ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
(1) Museum Archaeology Program, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706, ETATS-UNIS
Résumé / Abstract
Large-scale data recovery at eight Lower Walnut focus sites yielded a large and rich data base, including glass beads, a piece of lead, obsidian, marine shell. Southwestern ceramics, and cultural turquoise (i.e., chemical turquoise, azurite, chrysocolla, and malachite). The aboriginal artifacts may have entered the sites through the hands of intermediate hunting-foraging societies or through direct contact between Lower Walnut focus-Wichita peoples and the Puebloan societies of the Rio Grande valley. Exotic materials may have functioned as status symbols. The artifacts show that the Lower Walnut focus was part of an exchange system ultimately integrating the southern Plains with the Southwest, Great Basin, and California. A few glass beads and a piece of lead, indicative of historic components at some sites, are evidence of direct or indirect contact with European populations.
Revue / Journal Title
Plains Anthropologist
ISSN
0032-0447
Source / Source
2000, vol. 45, n
o173, pp. 237-255 (3 p.1/4)
Langue / Language
Anglais
Editeur / Publisher
Plains Anthropological Society, Lincoln, NE, ETATS-UNIS
(19?)
(Revue)
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Localisation / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 1742, 35400009134397.0010
Nº notice refdoc (ud4) : 1559210
