Titre du document / Document title
Comparison of methods for extraction of tobacco alkaloids
Auteur(s) / Author(s)
JONES Nadia M. (1) ;
BERNARDO-GIL M. Gabriela (2) ;
GRACA LOURENCO M. (3) ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
(1) Centro de Investigação de Ciências Agrárías Tropicais, DAIAT, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PORTUGAL
(2) Centro de Engenharia Biológica e Química, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, PORTUGAL
(3) Centro de Investigação de Ciências Agrárias Tropicais, DAIAT, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PORTUGAL
Résumé / Abstract
Ultrasound and microwave techniques were used to extract tobacco alkaloids, and response surface methodology was used to optimize extraction conditions. Ultrasonic technique factors were temperature, 30-85°C; time, 3-45 min; solvent volume, 8-80 mL. Microwave extraction factors were pressure, 15-75 psi; time, 3-40 min; power, 30-90% of the maximum magnetron power of 650 W. Soxhlet and solvent AOAC-modified extraction methods were also applied after some improvements. Nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, and anatabine were quantified by gas chromatography. A steam distillation International Standards Organization method for total alkaloid evaluation was used as reference. The results obtained by the different methods were compared using a least squares deviation test. The ultrasonic and the proposed modified-AOAC extraction method were the more convenient with regard to practicability and precision. The relative deviations (n = 5) were as follows: For the ultrasonic method in low-level alkaloid tobaccos, 0.7% nicotine and 1.4-14% minor alkaloids; in high-level alkaloid tobaccos, 2.4% nicotine and 4.5-5.1% minor alkaloids. For the modified AOAC method in low-level alkaloid tobaccos, 0.9% nicotine and 2.4-11.6% minor alkaloids; and in high-level alkaloid tobaccos, 1.7% nicotine and 2.0-2.4% minor alkaloids.
Revue / Journal Title
Journal of AOAC International
ISSN
1060-3271
Source / Source
2001, vol. 84, n
o2, pp. 309-316 (20 ref.)
Langue / Language
Anglais
Editeur / Publisher
AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, ETATS-UNIS
(1992)
(Revue)
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Localisation / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 3254, 35400009809758.0010
Nº notice refdoc (ud4) : 1004673
